Catholic family history: A genealogist's guide to the Latin language

3-4 minute read

By The Findmypast Team | July 2, 2024

You'll likely encounter the Latin language as you uncover the incredible stories in your family history. Our handy guide will help you decipher key phrases from Latin to English, so your family tree can continue to bloom.

If you’re Catholic or you have potential Catholic ancestors, keep reading. After all, Latin isn’t a dead language. It’s just Roman around.

And don’t worry, we won’t ask you to conjugate a verb.

Explore your Catholic heritage

While Latin is no longer a spoken language today, it survives in countless archives and libraries in many countries. Whether you were subjected to a spot of Latin at school or not, any genealogist needs to know the basics of Latin in family history records to research the potential papists in a family tree.

What is Latin?

The Latin language is what’s known as a ‘dead language’, originally spoken in the area around present-day Rome, Italy. The expansion of the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire made Latin the dominant language in its territories.

Even after the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Latin language continued as the language of academia, communication, science, and scholarship in Europe for many centuries. It also influenced several other languages, notably the romance languages of Italian and French, and even English to some extent.

Latin is still used today, despite having no native speakers. Most commonly, it’s still used by the Catholic Church. It’s also used for mottos, on coins, in films, and is still taught in some schools and universities.

In nomini patri, et fili...

So, why do you need to know what Caecilius est in horto means (or perhaps not that exact phrase) when researching your ancestors?

Caecilius is in the garden, tending to his family tree, of course.

It all comes down to religious records, specifically Catholic records.

Religious records can provide an incredible amount of detail and information about our ancestors. They can tell us maiden names, birth and death dates, and they can even help us discover family friends or distant relatives through the witnesses listed on marriage records.

If your ancestors were Catholic, this becomes even more important. The majority of Catholic records are recorded in, or partially recorded in, Latin. Up until the 1960s, the official language of the Catholic church was Latin.

Stella, stella, stellam

Not all of us were stars at Latin in school. See what we did there?

If you aren't familiar with Latin, here are some words and phrases, common in family records, and their meanings. Keep this list handy, it can help you make headway on your family tree.

A me Infrascripto Parocho vel Vicario: I the undersigned pastor or vicar
Anno Domini: year of Our Lord
Baptizandi Nomen: baptised with the name
Cognomen: last name
Denuntiationes: denunciations (refers to if there are any impediments to a marriage)
Die: day
Domicilium: residence
Ex parentibus legitimo Matrimonio junctis: from the parents of a legitimate marriage
Filium legitimum: legitimate son (or child)
Habitantibus in: living in
Impedimentum: hindrance or impediment to the marriage; such as a blood relation
Matrina fuit: godmother
Mensis: month
Natus: birth
Nomina imposita in confirmation: a saint chosen when a young person was confirmed
Nomina Parentum: name of parents
Patrinus fuit: godfather
Observanda: observations or notes
Olim: once, normally referring to a mother’s maiden name
Sepultus: buried
Sponsoribus: sponsors
Testes adfuerunt: witnesses present

The Catholic records on Findmypast include baptisms, marriages, burials and congregational records such as confirmations.

Baptism of Catharina Walsh on 15 February, 1887, in England Roman Catholic Parish Baptisms.

You can find out more about Findmypast’s records for the United States, England, Scotland, Ireland and beyond here.

Some Latin names in English

Search tip: sometimes names were recorded in their Latin spellings, instead of their English spellings. For example, you might see Willelmus listed instead of William, or Patrick as Patricus.

Just a few of the Latin names you might see, and their English equivalent.

Check the variant spelling box as well as making use of our wildcard feature. It will reveal different spelling possibilities for you to find your Catholic ancestors.

Have you made a discovery in the Catholic Heritage Archive that has shaped your family story? We'd love to hear all about it. You can share your finds with us via this handy form.

FAQs

What are the roots of the Latin language?

The Latin language was the language of Ancient Rome, and evolved from Italic dialects (in ancient Italy) in around the 7th Century BC.

Can you access parish registers online?

Parish church records are accessible online via Findmypast, or in-person at The National Archives in London (formerly known as the Public Record Office). Findmypast has parish baptisms, marriages and burials dating back as far as the 16th century.

Are there different Catholic denominations?

They are divided into Eastern Rite and Western (or 'Latin') Rite churches, also practised differently in different areas and nations. Historically Catholic countries in Europe include Ireland, Italy and Malta. If your family tree has roots in one or more of these nations, your ancestors may well have been practising Roman Catholics.